On 1 September, Wampanoag and Nipmuck warriors raided Deerfield, Massachusetts and the next day attacked Northfield, Massachusetts. Seven colonists were killed near Lancaster, Massachusetts on 22 August and on 25 August, a three-hour battle near Hatfield, Massachusetts resulted in the deaths of 40 Indians and several soldiers. The Indians were driven away two days later by colonial reinforcements. On 2 August, Nipmucks ambushed a colonial military unit before attacking Brookfield, Massachusetts and laying siege to the survivors of the ambush. Skirmishes and small raids continued through June. Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay sent a punitive force that destroyed the Wampanoag town of Mount Hope. They laid siege to the town and destroyed it five days later killing several people. Hostilities began on 20 June 1675 when a band of Pokanoket warriors attacked homesteads in the Plymouth Colony settlement of Swansea. The colonists were a New England Confederation of the Massachusetts Colony, New Haven Colony, Plymouth Colony and Connecticut Colony. The Mohawks and Mohegans allied with the colonists. King Philip led a confederation of his tribe and several other tribes including the Nipmucks, Narragansetts and Pocumtucks. The colonists arrested the three and tried and executed them on 8 June. An Indian informant claimed he witnessed three Wampanoags murder him. Winslow was slow to react, and on 29 January Sassamon was found dead. John Sassamon, a Christian Indian told Plymouth’s governor, Josiah Winslow, that King Philip was planning attacks against the colony.
KING PHILIPS WAR SERIES
Philip signed.Ī series of incidents in January 1675 set loose the dogs of war. Colonists summoned Philip to Taunton, Massachusetts where they demanded he sign a treaty that required his tribe to surrender their arms. There was no evidence to support this belief and shows that the colonists were becoming paranoid about Indian intentions. Many Wampanoag believed he had been poisoned by the colonists.Īfter Philip became chief in 1671, the colonists believed he was planning to avenge Alexander’s death. Alexander pledged his loyalty and was released but he had contracted an illness while in Plymouth and died on the way home.
Alexander had been arrested by the English on suspicion that he was planning a war against the colonists. The Indians were a proud people and greatly resented the intrusions and they were beginning to realize that resistance was their only option.Īnother factor leading up to war was that King Philip became chief when his older brother, Alexander died. Also, the critical communication between the early religious settlers and the Indians was being diluted by the greater number of settlers. The colonies of Rhode Island and Connecticut were founded and as the population rose the Indians could see that they were rapidly losing ground. Unlike the Pilgrims and Puritans who were escaping religious persecution, the new settlers were mostly motivated by profit, which is a not terrible thing, but resulted in a push into Indian lands. Relations began to be strained as a flood of new people began to settle in New England. They peacefully traded and exchanged information and gifts. The Wampanoag was the first tribe to contact the settlers and they were able to build exceptionally good relations with them. When the Pilgrims settled Plymouth Colony in 1620, they tried to maintain good relations with the native population. This war is named for Metacomet, the Wampanoag chief who adopted the name Philip because of the friendly relations between his father and the Pilgrims. The war officially ended with the Treaty of Casco Bay in April 1678. It was the last major effort by the Indian tribes to drive the colonists out of New England, but both sides share responsibility for the conflict. It resulted in the virtual elimination of several Indian tribes and the total destruction of many colonial settlements. In proportion to population, it was the deadliest war in American history. Also known as Metacom’s War or the First Indian War, it was the single greatest disaster of 17 th century New England. The 1675-1676 King Philip’s War is a little-known conflict between the New England Colonies and the Wampanoag Indian tribe.
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